Kumamoto Castle is (with Osaka and Nagoyacastles) one of the three most famous in Japan. Designed by Kiyomasa Kato (1562-1611) from his own battle experiences, work on the castle began in 1601 and continued until 1607.
Within their 12 kilometer circumference, the walls contained two major towers, forty nine turrets, eighteen turret gates and twenty nine lesser gates. Notable aspects of the fortress are the usage of the natural terrain (incorporating a natural river in the moat), the spectacular long wall fronting the river and the famous mushagawshi walls themselves.
During the Seinan Civil War of 1877, though most of the towers, gates and turrets were destroyed, the castle withstood forty days of bombardment and siege by the rebel army. In 1960 the towers were rebuilt and for the past thirty years replacement and reconstruction has continued.
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